Statistical model of energy exchange for copper vapor condensation in an inert gas atmosphere

А. E. Korenchenko, B. R. Gel’chinskii, А. G. Vorontsov, A. A. Zhukova.

ABSTRACT

We performed a statistical analysis of the result of MD simulation of gas-phase “self-assembly” nanoclusters during condensation of metal vapor. We focused on the energy transfer between small clusters and argon atoms, which allowed us to determine the heat transfer parameters between clusters and the environment at the initial stage of condensation. А numerical model based on averaged molecular dynamics data is proposed. The model makes it possible to transfer information from molecular dynamics simulation to a macroscopic model of condensation. The results can be used in the multiscale simulation of nucleation to predict the size distribution of nanoparticles in their industrial production.

KEYWORDS:

simulation, condensation, metal clusters, exchange of energy

DOI: 10.31857/S0235010620020085

Plasma-chemical tungsten carbides synthesis from multicomponent oxide-containing concentrates

D. I. Balakhonov, I. A. Makarov.

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the results of research on plasma-chemical tungsten carbides synthesis from multicomponent oxide-containing concentrates. Under this research we analyze the existing technologies of high-temperature concentrated energy flows exposure to mineral raw materials. The procedures of extractive metallurgy in mineral ores processing have been investigated. In our research we have considered the experimental dependences of tungsten carbides synthesis on the following factors: the plasma flow temperature T_p, the exposure time τ, the mixture fraction size, the mechanical activation degree, the amount of graphite added and the concentrate types. We have carried out the comparative analysis of the tungsten carbides production from scheelite concentrate and calcium tungstate on proportion of the contained tungsten trioxide WO₃ under the same synthesis conditions. The results of spectral and scanning electron microscopy of products of plasma-chemical synthesis and nanocrystalline tungsten carbide powder have been examined. The perspective of the method of plasma-chemical tungsten carbides synthesis from multicomponent oxide-containing concentrates has been regarded.

KEYWORDS: scheelite concentrate, calcium tungstate, high-density energy, plasma, tungsten, tungsten carbide, plasma chemical synthesis

DOI:10.31857/S0235010620020024

Journal «Melts» №2, March – April 2020

C O N T E N T S


D. I. Balakhonov, I. A. Makarov. Plasma-chemical tungsten carbides synthesis from multicomponent oxide-containing concentrates		113-123
А. E. Korenchenko, B. R. Gel’chinskii, А. G. Vorontsov, A. A. Zhukova. Statistical model of energy exchange for copper vapor condensation in an inert gas atmosphere		124-137
O. V. Gusakova, V. G. Shepelevich, D. V. Alexandrov, I. O. Starodumov. Features of the structure formation in Al–12.2Si–0.2Fe alloys under rapid solidification from a melt		138-148
A. V. Kaibichev, I. A. Kaibichev. Influence of molybdenum electrode on inter-electrode transfer of silver from melt in helium		149-154
A. Yu. Nikolaev, A. V. Suzdaltsev, Yu. P. Zaikov. A novel approach for producing Al–Sc master alloys in the oxide-fluoride and fluoride melt		155-165
Yu. G. Pastukhov. About heat calibration of estancia in molten electrolyte and estimates of coefficients Peltier and Seebeck		166-175
O. E. Pukhova, S. D. Levchenko. Features of oxidative refining of platinum-rhodium alloys from impurities		176-186
I. N. Tanutrov, S. A. Lyamkin, M. N. Sviridova. The electrical conductivity of slag melts production of germanium concentrates		187-192
V. V. Chebykin, V. M. Ivenko, L. A. Tsiovkina. The activity coefficient of cesium in the melts of the Cs–CsCl		193-197
A. A. Khokhryakov, A. S. Paivin, М. А. Samoylova. Optical spectra of Yb(III) in melting fluorides of alkali metals		198-204
V. M. Ivenko, V. Yu. Shishkin. Solubility of solid silver in liquid potassium		205-207
D. A. Vetrova, S. A. Kuznetsov. The redox couple Ti(IV)/Ti(III) electrochemical behaviour in KCl–KF–K₂TiF₆ melt with addition of alkaline earth metal cations		208-220

Journal «Melts» №5, September – October 2019

CONTENTS

O. V. Volkova, V. V. Zakharov, E. G. Vovkotrub, S. V. Plaksin, S. V. Pershina. Electroreduction of nickel(II) chloride and molybdenum(VI) oxide mixtures in a heat activated battery		411-422
O. V. Chernova, S. V. Zhykovin, D. A. Kondratyev. Electroreduction of holmium chloride in the equimolar NaCl–KCl melt		423-433
M. M. Gafurov, K. Sh. Rabadanov, Z. Yu. Kubatayev, A. M. Amirov, A. R. Aliev, A. Sh. Asvarov, M.G. Kakagasanov. Vibrational and orientational relaxation of nitrateCion in the system LiNO3⎯KNO3 + Al2O3		434-443
O. V. Grishenkova, Yu. P. Zaykov, V. A. Isaev. Simulation of initial electrocrystallization stages at cyclic voltammetry		444-451
V. V. Smolenski, А. V. Novoselova, А. L. Bovet, P. N. Mushnikov. Separation factor of La/U, Pr/U and Nd/U in molten system Ga–In/3LiCl–2KCl		452-457
E. V. Shlyakova. A study of the influence of laser heat treatment on the corrosion rate of steel 38KhVFYuA		458-468
P. G. Ovcharenko, E. V. Kuzminykh, V. I. Ladyanov. Interaction of corundum nonCstick coating with ironCcarbon melts in the conditions of lost form casting		469-479
A. V. Zhdanov, A. S. Mikhaylikov, V. A. Pavlov, V. F. Mysik. Optimization of the composition of a multicomponent charge of the carbothermic process of production of ferroalloy		480-491
E. N. Selivanov, R. I. Gulyaeva, R. Z. Zaripov, N. I. Selmenskikh, L. A. Marshuk. Effect of calcium oxide on the structure and thermal properties of granular highCferruginous slag		492-501
V. V. Chebykin, V. M. Ivenko, L. A. Tsiovkina. The activity coefficient of cesium in the melts of the Cs–CsF		502-506
V. V. Chebykin, V. M. Ivenko, L. A. Tsiovkina. The vapor pressure over the Cs–CsI melts		507-510

A study of slag melting cyclone to select the direction for the future use

I. N. Tanutrov, M. N. Sviridovа, S. O. Potapov

ABSTRACT

At the metallurgical enterprise of the Far East (the district of Novoshakhtinsky village of Primorsky Krai) during the processing of the germanium-containing raw materials of the Pavlovsky brown coal deposit, the waste of the production process is formed–granulated slag sent to storage. In order to dispose of this technogenic education, it is necessary to propose an energy-efficient, environmentally friendly method for processing waste from a metallurgical enterprise in compliance with environmental norms. In accordance with modern requirements, it is necessary to solve the problem with the utilization of cyclone smelting slag before the operation of the facility. The design documentation recommends the use of cyclone smelting slag in construction or production of building materials. To determine the direction of utilization of cyclone slag, information is needed on the chemical, granulometric composition of the slag, as well as on the properties of the material when interacting with water. Using the method of reducing sulfide cyclone melting with flux and sulphidizer additives, an experimental preparation in the laboratory of granulated slag similar in properties to the slag of cyclone smelting obtained at the enterprise was carried out. Slag samples were obtained for further study. With the use of modern methods and approaches applied during the work, the compositions and properties of slags and additives, chemical analysis of slag for macro components, X-ray phase analysis necessary for environmental assessment are determined. The physicochemical and organoleptic parameters of the slag are determined in accordance with existing standards. Thus, the maximum particle size of the slag, no more than 10 mm, the content of particles in the material of particles larger than 5 mm, not more than 9.70%, which corresponds to GOST 5578E94. The density and humidity of the slag are also determined. It was found that when interacting with water, the resulting solution is characterized by a weak alkaline reaction, which does not interfere with the use of the material in the industrial process. It is shown that the resulting slag is suitable for its subsequent utilization.

KEYWORDS:

melted slag, water granulation, germanium-containing raw materials, processing, cyclone melting, properties

DOI: 10.1134/S023501061902004X

Research of the effect of phase composition and structure on the micro-hardness of casted alloys of the Cu–Ce–La system

O. V. Samoilova, E. A. Trofimov

ABSTRACT

The Cu–Ce–La system is of interest both for the production of bronzes with the addition of rare earth metals, and for the production of amorphous alloys. In the course of this work, we studied the phase composition, structure, and microhardness of 13 cast samples of alloys of the Cu–Ce–La system belonging to the copper angle of the phase diagram of this system. Experimental samples were investigated by the methods of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis analysis, by the method of atomic emission analysis with inductively coupled plasma, by the methods of X-ray phase analysis and thermal analysis. Also on the samples was measured microhardness Vickers HV. The structure of the samples along the grain boundaries of the solid solution based on copper revealed the presence of eutectic, which, according to X-ray microanalysis data, includes copper, lanthanum and cerium. X-ray diffraction data indicate the presence of Cu6Ce and Cu6La compounds in addition to the solid solution based on copper in the samples. The volume fraction of the eutectic component in the sample structure (which is equal to the fraction of the area occupied by the eutectic in the area of thin sections of the samples) was determined. With increasing concentrations of cerium and lanthanum in the composition of the samples, the proportion of the eutectic component also increases. Thermal analysis data indicate the presence of triple eutectic equilibrium in addition to double eutectics. The presence of a strong correlation dependence between the share of the eutectic component in the structure and the microhardness of the experimental samples is shown. With an increase in the share of eutectic in the sample structure, the microhardness index HV also increases. The results obtained may be of interest to practicing materials scientists when analyzing the effect of additives of rare earth metals on the phase composition, structure and mechanical characteristics of copper alloys.

KEYWORDS:

Cu–Ce–La system, phase composition of alloys, structure, microhardness of copper alloys

DOI: 10.1134/S0235010619020038

Glass as a media with high density of topological defects

L. D. Son

ABSTRACT

For disordered systems, structure of which may be presented as a media with high density of linear topological defects, we offer a mechanism of shear rigidity. The last is localisation of kinks on the defect that results in limitation of its motion. The approach allows to predict the plastic deformation threshold temperature dependence and to connect it with the fractal dimension of defects, and also to explain the dependence of glass temperature on cooling rate.

KEYWORDS:

glass, dislocations, shear rigidity

Calorimetric study of liquid Ag–Cu–Sn alloys formation. Mixing entalpy in boundary binary systems Cu–Ag, Cu–Sn and Ag–Sn at 1150°C

K. I. Oleinik, A. S. Bykov

ABSTRACT

The processes of liquid alloys Cu–Ag, Cu–Sn and Ag–Sn systems were investigated by drop calorimetry method at a temperature of 1150°C. Pure components of the formed alloys and standard sapphire samples were used for the calorimeter sensitivity calibration. Experimental results were described by analytical expressions using the quasichemical approximation of models of subregular solutions. The obtained data are necessary to study the characteristics of alloy formation in the ternary system Ag–Cu–Sn.

KEYWORDS

thermodynamic properties, calorimetry, heat of mixing, Cu–Ag alloy, Cu–Sn alloy, Ag–Sn alloy

DOI: 10.7868/S0235010619010146

Journal «Melts» №2, March – April 2019

C O N T E N T S


A. E. Korenchenko, A. G. Vorontsov, B. R. Gelchinski. Mesoscopic model for a metal vapor condensation		105-110
A. Korytseva, A. Navrotski. High-temperature calorimetric research of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 slags		111-115
E. Yazhenskikh, T. Jantzen, K. Hack, M. Müller. A new multipurpose thermodynamic database for oxide systems		116-124
A. A. Mirzoev, Ya. M. Ridnyi, A. V. Verkhovykh. Ab initio computer simulation parameters and magnetic energy effects in ternary systems Fe–X–C (X = Si, P, S, Cr, Mn)		125-132
I. A. Babina, A. O. Babin. Research of properties of oxide melts in model experiment		133-141
L. D. Son. Glass as a media with high density of topological defects		142-149
E. A. Kharina, R. Yu. Kaychenkova, A. S. Dedyukhin, A. V. Shchetinskiy, L. F. Yamshchikov, V. A. Volkovich. Thermodynamics of rare earth chlorides in LiCl–KCl–CsCl eutectic based melts		150-155
A. S. Vorobiov, A. V. Suzdaltsev, A. E. Galashev. Bond energies in the molten M–Al–Zr–O–F systems (M = Li, Na, K)		156-166
O. V. Samoilova, E. A. Trofimov. Research of the effect of phase composition and structure on the micro-hardness of casted alloys of the Cu–Ce–La system		167-176
E. A. Titova, D. V. Alexandrov, P. K. Galenko. Relaxation time to the steady-state growth of secondary dendritic branches		177-185
V. A. Lebedev, Zh. Zh. Kamzin. Influence of weather conditions on aluminum work indicators of electrolysis of Kazakhstan electrolysis factory		186-198
I. N. Tanutrov, M. N. Sviridovа, S. O. Potapov. A study of slag melting cyclone to select the direction for the future use		199-204

Journal «Melts» №1, January – February 2019

C O N T E N T S


V. E. Sidorov, N. E. Dubinin, I. B. Polovov, E. V. Nikitinа. High Temperature Materials Chemistry – XVI		5-6
S. I. Sinyova, R. V. Starykh, O. S. Novoghilova, A. A. Vasil’eva, D. К. Gol’dvirt. Study of structure and alloys properties of Fe–Ni–Co–(Cu,Cr) system with the use of experimental methods		7-11
K. I. Oleinik, A. S. Bykov. Calorimetric study of liquid Ag–Cu–Sn alloys formation. Mixing entalpy in boundary binary systems Cu–Ag, Cu–Sn and Ag–Sn at 1150°C		12-17
S. G. Menshikova, I. G. Shirinkina, I. G. Brodova, V.V. Brazhkin. Structure of Al90Y10 alloy during crystallization under pressure		18-23
A. G. Tyagunov, E. E. Baryshev, G. V. Tyagunov, K. Y. Shmakova, V. S. Mushnikov. Structure and properties of Ni–Al alloys in liquid state		24-28
I. A. Babina, B. S. Vorontsov, V. V Moskvin, I. N. Grekhov. Molecular model with supra-structural units alkaline borates		29-35
V. A. Volkovich, D. S. Maltsev, E. V. Raguzina, A. S. Dedyukhin, A. V. Shchetinskiy, L. F. Yamshchikov. Activity of lanthanum in zinc-containing alloys: study of La–Zn, La–U–Zn and La–U–Ga–Zn systems		36-40
A. A. Ryzhov, A. B. Ivanov, V. A. Volkovich. Electrochemical properties of tungsten in melts of alkali chloride metals		41-45
A. B. Ivanov, V. V. Sukhikh, V. A. Volkovich, B. D. Vasin, A. V. Chukin. Formation of phosphates of rare earth elements in melts based on the equimolar mixture of sodium and potassium chlorides		46-50
D. S. Maltsev, V. A. Volkovich, E. V. Raguzina, K. E. Strepetov, A. A. Kozlova, M. N. Soldatova. On the separation of uranium and zirconium: electrochemical properties of zirconium in 3LiCl–2KCl melt		51-57
V. A. Mikhailov, V. E. Sidorov, A. A. Sabirzyanov. Magnetic properties and glass-forming ability of alloys CoFeSiBNb.		58-61
V. A. Salina, V. I. Zhuchkov, O. V. Zayakin. Studying the processes of producing alloys of the system of Fe–Si–Ni–Cr thermodynamic modeling		62-66
I. D. Zakiryanova, I. V. Korzun. Thermodynamic parameters anomalies of the heterogeneous system Li2CO3–Na2CO3–K2CO3–nanopowder MgO		67-70
S. N. Agafonov, A. A. Ponomarenko, A. S. Russkikh. Thermodynamic analysis of joint aluminothermal recovery ZrO2 and Nb2O5		71-75
A. A. Polyakov. The fractals of five-pointed stars: deflationary and inflationary approaches		76-80
V. V. Karpov, A. V. Abramov, K. V. Dedov, A. V. Shak, A. Yu. Zhlyakov, I. B. Polovov, S. V. Belikov, O. I. Rebrin. Corrosion of various types of stainless steels in chloraluminate melts		81-88
B. S. Vorontsov, N. V. Nesterov. Model investigation of liquid interaction metal and dispersed steel inclusions in castingon gasificable models		89-93
E. V. Dyul’dina, B. R. Gelchinski, V. N. Selivanov. Computer simulation of multicomponent melts of metallurgical slags		94-98
S. A. Bibanayeva, V. N. Koryukov, V. M. Skachkov, N. A. Sabirzyanov, V. M. Ufimtsev, E.M. Lebedeva. The effect of calcium-containing additives on the extraction of alumina from red muds of alumina production		99-102